Early Uprising against British Rule
Learn how the palayam system joined military service, revenue, justice and policing, and distinguish the eastern and western Palayakkarar blocs.
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10 bilingual articles
Palayakkarar System: Origins, Powers and Regional Blocs
Learn how the palayam system joined military service, revenue, justice and policing, and distinguish the eastern and western Palayakkarar blocs.
Open article →Puli Thevar Revolt: Confederacy and Fall, 1755-1767
Trace Puli Thevar's defiance from Colonel Heron's failed 1755 mission through Kalakadu, Yusuf Khan's campaign, recapture and defeat in 1767.
Open article →Velunachiyar: Exile, Alliance, Kuyili and Restoration
Study Velunachiyar's training, 1772 exile, alliances with Gopala Nayak and Hyder Ali, Kuyili's 1780 action and Sivagangai restoration.
Open article →Gopala Nayak and the Dindigul League
Understand how Gopala Nayak linked Virupachi, Manaparai and Devadanapatti, drew support from Tipu Sultan and fought until 1801.
Open article →Kattabomman: Revenue Dispute and Jackson Inquiry, 1781-1798
Explain how Company tax control, Jackson's humiliation and the 1798 Madras inquiry transformed Kattabomman from a peaceful chief into an opponent.
Open article →Kattabomman: Confederacy, Siege and Execution, 1799
Follow Kattabomman's link with the South Indian Confederacy, the September siege of Panchalamkurichi and his execution at Kayathar.
Open article →Marudhu Brothers: South Indian Rebellion and Proclamation, 1800-1801
Study the Marudhu-led confederacy, the 1801 unity proclamation, Sivagangai's fall, executions and the Carnatic Treaty's consequences.
Open article →Dheeran Chinnamalai: Resistance and Execution, 1756-1805
Learn how Theerthagiri became Dheeran Chinnamalai, defeated Mysore's force, used guerrilla resistance after Tipu and died at Sankagiri.
Open article →Vellore Revolt: Background, Grievances and Military Regulations
Connect British territorial expansion, sepoy pay and promotion grievances, the 1805 famine and Cradock's dress rules to the Vellore trigger.
Open article →Vellore Revolt: Outbreak, Suppression, Consequences and Legacy
Trace the 10 July 1806 outbreak, Gillespie's brutal suppression, punishments, recalled officials and the revolt's links with 1857.
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