Human Rights Charter
Understand human rights and distinguish the United Nations Charter of 1945 from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted in 1948.
Topic article hub
8 bilingual articles
Human Rights, the UN Charter and the UDHR
Understand human rights and distinguish the United Nations Charter of 1945 from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted in 1948.
Open article →UDHR Drafting, Hansa Mehta and the 1948 Adoption
Follow the post-war drafting process, Eleanor Roosevelt and Hansa Mehta, and adoption of resolution 217 A in Paris on 10 December 1948.
Open article →UDHR Articles 1–2: Dignity, Equality and Non-discrimination
Learn how the opening two UDHR articles make equal dignity, freedom and non-discrimination the foundation for every later right.
Open article →UDHR Articles 3–21: Civil and Political Rights
Study civil and political rights protecting life and liberty, equal justice, private life, movement, belief, expression, association and public participation.
Open article →UDHR Articles 22–27: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Learn how social security, work, rest, an adequate standard of living, education and cultural participation support dignity and human development.
Open article →UDHR Articles 28–30: Duties, Limits and Safeguards
Understand the order needed for rights, duties to community, strict lawful limits and the ban on using rights to destroy rights.
Open article →UDHR Legal Status and the International Bill of Human Rights
Distinguish the Declaration's political and moral force from treaty obligations and connect it with the two 1966 Covenants that entered into force in 1976.
Open article →Apartheid, Equality and Human Rights in Practice
Use South Africa's apartheid timeline to understand how racial classification denied equal rights and how the 1994 multiracial election marked democratic change.
Open article →Article access
Preview freely, then unlock focused reading
Each permanent article page includes its summary, learning context and sources. Registration unlocks all complete bilingual articles for 24 hours; Annual All Access continues afterward for ₹1,499/year.